Sexuality and Intimacy
Watch our MBC Impact Series webinar on metastatic breast cancer and sexual health. Although this webinar was created for women who have metastatic breast cancer, it has helpful information for women with any stage of breast cancer. We encourage all to watch.
Sex and intimacy after a breast cancer diagnosis
If you’re struggling with issues affecting your sexuality, you’re not alone. Sex and intimacy can be difficult for many women after a breast cancer diagnosis [163-164].
Although a serious illness in either partner can disrupt a sexual and intimate relationship, breast cancer can cause unique problems.
You may feel your body has betrayed you. And, after months of treatment, you may feel detached or disconnected from the pleasure your body once gave you.
Body image issues may affect how you view sex, as well as your sexuality. Anxiety and depression may also impact your sexuality [138,163].
Learn about ways to cope with anxiety and distress.
Side effects of treatment
Some side effects of breast cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and hormone therapy, can impact your sex life.
Chemotherapy can lead to early menopause. Menopause can cause changes in the body that lessen sexual pleasure including [87,163-164]:
- A decrease in sexual interest or desire
- Vaginal changes that can make sex painful
These menopausal symptoms are also common side effects of hormone therapy.
There are ways to treat these symptoms. Some products contain hormones and others do not. Talk with your health care provider about which options are best for you.
Learn about ways to treat vaginal changes and other menopausal symptoms.
Getting help from a health care provider
Sexuality and intimacy are important parts of your quality of life. So, it’s important to address them.
Your health care provider, a mental health provider (such as a clinical social worker, psychologist or counselor) or a sex therapist can help. They can often offer treatment and support services.
For example, your health care provider can treat many physical symptoms affecting your sexuality or your sex life.
Some health care providers specialize in the treatment of sexual problems for people who’ve had cancer. They can also work with you and your partner to address issues.
A support group led by a trained mental health provider may also help you address problems with physical intimacy.
Bringing up sexual health issues with your health care provider
Many people are uncomfortable bringing up concerns about sexual health and intimacy with their health care providers.
If you’re finding it hard to start a conversation, you could try saying, “I’ve noticed some changes in my sexual health since treatment and would like to talk about options for support.”
Problems that affect sexuality and intimacy can increase over time, so it’s important to address them early.
Talking with your partner
Listen to our Real Pink podcast, Regaining Intimacy After Breast Cancer.
Open communication between you and your partner about your sexual and intimate relationship is important.
Partners may be confused or unsure of the best way to show support and affection. They may retreat or wait for cues from you about when to resume an intimate or sexual relationship.
Discussing each person’s fears and hopes, and comforting each other, can help you and your partner have a satisfying sexual relationship. If you’re uncomfortable or unsure about how to have these conversations, a health care provider trained in sexual health concerns can offer support.
Susan G. Komen® Support Resources |
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Other ways to improve sexuality
Exercise
For breast cancer survivors, exercise may help [137-138,160,165]:
- Improve sexuality
- Improve body image
- Reduce anxiety and stress
- Reduce distress and depression
Learn about exercise and breast cancer survival.
Learn about other benefits of exercise for women who’ve had breast cancer.
Pelvic floor exercises
Pelvic floor exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the vagina and improve muscle flexibility [164].
These exercises combined with regular use of a vaginal moisturizer and use of a lubricant as needed may help with urinary and vaginal symptoms in breast cancer survivors.
Your health care provider may be able to refer you to a pelvic floor physical therapist.
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of mental health counseling. Sessions are led by a mental health provider (such a psychologist or social worker) and may include techniques such as relaxation exercises.
Cognitive behavioral therapy can be done one-on-one or in a group. It can be done in-person or remotely. Sometimes, it can include your sexual partner.
For breast cancer survivors, cognitive behavioral therapy may [95,98,174]:
- Improve sexual functioning
- Increase sexual arousal, desire and satisfaction
- Increase vaginal lubrication
- Decrease discomfort during intercourse
Cognitive behavioral therapy may help breast cancer survivors reduce [3,96,137-138,143-152]:
- Anxiety
- Distress
- Fatigue and insomnia
- Fear of breast cancer recurrence
Not all mental health providers are trained in cognitive behavioral therapy.
Learn more about coping with stress.
Body image and sexuality for young women
Concerns about body image and sexuality can be especially hard for young breast cancer survivors [166-167]. Early menopause can cause changes that decrease sexual pleasure [87,163-164].
Talk with your health care provider about any concerns you have. They may be able to help or refer you to another provider trained in sexual health issues.
Learn about ways to treat menopausal symptoms.
Support for young survivors
Young breast cancer survivors can feel isolated.
Because most women with breast cancer are older, it’s easy to feel alone, even among other women who’ve had breast cancer. A support group tailored to younger women with any type of cancer may be more helpful than one for breast cancer survivors of any age.
Young women need to be able to share their thoughts and feelings with other women who are at the same stage of life and may have similar concerns about fertility and having children, as well as dating and relationships.
Some websites, such as the Young Survival Coalition, offer chat rooms and e-mail discussion groups for young women who’ve had cancer.
Living Beyond Breast Cancer offers telephone support from other young women who’ve had cancer (1-888-753-5222) and a series of videos for young breast cancer survivors.
Learn more about social support for young women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Learn more about social support for spouses, partners and other family members.
Learn more about social support for children.
Learn about unique issues for younger women who’ve had breast cancer.
Learn about having children after breast cancer treatment.
*Please note, the information provided within Komen Perspectives articles is only current as of the date of posting. Therefore, some information may be out of date.
Updated 03/26/26
This content is regularly reviewed by an expert panel including researchers, practicing clinicians and patient advocates.
